New inventions that enable discovery voyages include advanced navigation tools such as GPS systems, which allow for precise and accurate navigation across vast distances. Additionally, improved communication technology such as satellite phones and internet connectivity enable explorers to stay in touch with the outside world and receive real-time updates and information. Furthermore, advancements in ship design and construction, such as stronger and more durable materials, allow for the construction of vessels capable of withstanding the harsh conditions of long and arduous voyages. **

The discovery voyages of the Spaniards and Portuguese were a series of expeditions in the 15th and 16th centuries that aimed to find new trade routes, territories, and resources. These voyages were motivated by the desire to expand their empires, spread Christianity, and gain wealth. The most famous of these voyages were led by explorers such as Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan, who discovered new lands and established trade routes that had a significant impact on global history. These voyages ultimately led to the colonization and exploitation of the Americas, Africa, and Asia by the Spanish and Portuguese empires. **

The Portuguese exploratory voyages are typical of the modern era because they were driven by a spirit of curiosity, scientific inquiry, and the desire for new knowledge and resources. These voyages were also characterized by the use of advanced navigational techniques and technology, such as the astrolabe and compass, which allowed the Portuguese explorers to venture further into unknown territories. Additionally, the Portuguese exploratory voyages were part of a larger global expansion and colonization effort that marked the beginning of the modern era of exploration and globalization. **

The voyages of emigrants on ships in the past were often long and arduous. Many emigrants traveled in crowded and uncomfortable conditions, with limited access to food, water, and sanitation. The journey could last for weeks or even months, and emigrants faced the risk of illness, injury, and even death during the voyage. Additionally, emigrants often had to endure unpredictable weather and rough seas, making the journey even more challenging. Overall, the voyages of emigrants on ships in the past were a difficult and daunting experience for many. **

During Christopher Columbus's voyages of discovery, the sailors ate a variety of foods including hardtack (a type of biscuit), salted meat, dried fish, beans, lentils, and cheese. They also consumed a drink called "grog," which was made from water and rum. Fresh fruits and vegetables were also part of their diet when available, but these were often in short supply during long voyages. Overall, the sailors' diet was basic and focused on non-perishable foods that could be stored for long periods of time. **

The advantages of European expansion and exploration voyages include the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies between different cultures, leading to the development of global trade networks and the spread of knowledge. These voyages also contributed to the mapping and understanding of the world, leading to advancements in navigation and cartography. However, the disadvantages include the spread of diseases, exploitation and colonization of indigenous peoples, and the disruption of local economies and societies. European expansion also led to the transatlantic slave trade, which had devastating effects on African societies and populations. **

Designer fashion can be seen as unnecessary for some people, as it often comes with a high price tag and may be considered a luxury rather than a necessity. However, for others, designer fashion can be a form of self-expression, art, and creativity. It can also be a way to support the craftsmanship and innovation of designers. Ultimately, whether designer fashion is necessary or not depends on individual perspectives and values. **

The choice between being a tailor or a fashion designer ultimately depends on your interests and career goals. If you enjoy working with patterns and sewing, then becoming a tailor may be the right path for you. Tailors focus on creating and altering clothing to fit individual clients. On the other hand, if you are more interested in creating original designs and working with a variety of materials, then pursuing a career as a fashion designer may be a better fit. Fashion designers are responsible for creating new clothing and accessory designs for the mass market or individual clients. Both careers offer opportunities for creativity and skill development within the fashion industry. **